Swizec Teller - a geek with a hatswizec.com

Senior Mindset Book

Get promoted, earn a bigger salary, work for top companies

Senior Engineer Mindset cover
Learn more

    Haskell and randomness

    I finally started writing code for my thesis. Hooray!

    A row of businesses in downtown Haskell.

    To get my feet wet I decided to write a basic framework for evolutionary algorithms in Haskell. Nothing too major, just a way to easily assemble different evaluation, mutation and selection functions.

    For starters I'm going to evolve a "Hello World!" string. How hard could it be? Took me an hour to evolve a poem in python based on character mutations ...

    Turns out it's a lot more difficult to do in Haskell.

    Trouble starts as soon as you try generating a random population, because getting random numbers in Haskell is somewhat involved. Or rather, it looks scarily involved at first.

    Random Generators

    The main problem comes from how pseudo-random generators work. Essentially you start with a seed - it can be anything, I hear current time is a good starting seed - then every time somebody needs a new random number, you perform some formula on the seed and get a number.

    The next number then depends on the previous number and so on until infinity. Your garden variety recursively defined series. Not very random at all, but works well enough for most.

    Noticed the problem?

    Yep, random generators rely on state and state is this hated, somewhat annoying thing to handle in Haskell. Monads may sound simple, but until you get the hang of them everything looks a bit odd.

    Oh and you wouldn't want to pollute your whole codebase with a monad just because you want to start your whole algorithm with some random stuff, would you?

    No you wouldn't, it's messy.

    After a lot of searching (and a lot of scary suggestions), this was the cleanest solution I could find:

    import System.Random
    
    -- takes a random generator and returns a list of strings of 50 chars
    start_population :: (RandomGen g) => g -> [[Char]]
    start_population gen =
      [take 50 $ randomRs ('A', 'z') gen | x <- [0..]]
    
    main = do
      randomGen <- newStdGen  -- get a random generator
    
      print $ take 2 $ start_population randomGen  -- use it as a function argument
    

    The best part about this approach is that Haskell automatically gives you a standard generator, which already takes a seed from some sort of input - not sure what it uses - so your results will look reasonably random.

    But when you want to do testing, you can just as easily do this:

    let rand = mkStdGen 42
    print $ take 2 $ randomRs ('a', 'z') rand
    

    Which will always print the same two characters "nd".

    Very useful when you want to test your code actually works!

    There's just one problem with this approach - it's very difficult to up and decide that hey, this particular function right here, should be somewhat random from now on! You now have to tell the whole system and everyone using the function, that you'd like a random generator please.

    Whether you should want to do that without telling anyone ... well, that's a whole other story.

    Published on July 2nd, 2012 in Algorithm, Haskell, Programming, Pseudorandom number generator, Pseudorandom Numbers, Random number generation, Uncategorized

    Did you enjoy this article?

    Continue reading about Haskell and randomness

    Semantically similar articles hand-picked by GPT-4

    Senior Mindset Book

    Get promoted, earn a bigger salary, work for top companies

    Learn more

    Have a burning question that you think I can answer? Hit me up on twitter and I'll do my best.

    Who am I and who do I help? I'm Swizec Teller and I turn coders into engineers with "Raw and honest from the heart!" writing. No bullshit. Real insights into the career and skills of a modern software engineer.

    Want to become a true senior engineer? Take ownership, have autonomy, and be a force multiplier on your team. The Senior Engineer Mindset ebook can help 👉 swizec.com/senior-mindset. These are the shifts in mindset that unlocked my career.

    Curious about Serverless and the modern backend? Check out Serverless Handbook, for frontend engineers 👉 ServerlessHandbook.dev

    Want to Stop copy pasting D3 examples and create data visualizations of your own? Learn how to build scalable dataviz React components your whole team can understand with React for Data Visualization

    Want to get my best emails on JavaScript, React, Serverless, Fullstack Web, or Indie Hacking? Check out swizec.com/collections

    Did someone amazing share this letter with you? Wonderful! You can sign up for my weekly letters for software engineers on their path to greatness, here: swizec.com/blog

    Want to brush up on your modern JavaScript syntax? Check out my interactive cheatsheet: es6cheatsheet.com

    By the way, just in case no one has told you it yet today: I love and appreciate you for who you are ❤️

    Created by Swizec with ❤️