How you can translate any random D3 example to React

You and I both know that when it's time to code some D3, the easiest approach is to find an example that does something similar, copy its code, and tweak it a bit.

But a lot of those examples are in old versions of D3, and what if you're using React or something and can't just plop code into your project like nobody's business? Here's what you do:

Find the example
Split it up into styling, data calc, and rendering
Put those in the appropriate place for your environment

Let's do that for this example of 113th Congressional District from March 2016.

The code starts with the usual HTML declarations, loading scripts, and a block of <style> stuff. Assuming we started our React app with create-react-app, we copy all the style info into App.css. That way we never have to worry about it again.

We need styling because SVG elements are invisible by default.

Setup a component

To make our lives easy, we're going to use the D3 blackbox approach to integration React and D3. By doing it this way, we can reuse all of the example code almost without change, and we lose most of React's benefits. Great for slapping code together quickly, but I'd suggest a more structured approach for anything serious.

We need a component:

// src/CongressionalDistricts.js

import React, { Component } from 'react';
import * as topojson from 'topojson';
import * as d3 from 'd3';

class CongressionalDistricts extends Component {
    state = {
        usData: null,
        usCongress: null
    }

    componentWillMount() {
        // load data
    }

    componentDidUpdate() {
        // render example D3
    }

    render() {
        const { usData, usCongress } = this.state;

        if (!usData || !usCongress) {
            return null;
        }

        return <g ref="anchor">;
    }
}

export default CongressionalDistricts;
</g>

Our CongressionalDistricts component has three parts. We're going to load data in componentWillMount, do all of our significant rendering in componentDidUpdate, and render an anchor element in render.

This approach hands control of the DOM over to D3, which is why React can't help us. Once we're inside that anchor element, it's all D3 with this approach.

Copypasta the code

Next in our example, we find the setup code.

var width = 960,
  height = 600;

var projection = d3.geo
  .albersUsa()
  .scale(1280)
  .translate([width / 2, height / 2]);

var path = d3.geo.path().projection(projection);

var svg = d3
  .select("body")
  .append("svg")
  .attr("width", width)
  .attr("height", height);

This code is great, but has some problems.

It's still using var declarations, which are not encouraged in modern ES6. It also uses old D3 APIs which are going to fail when you run npm install d3 because you'll get the new D3v4 version.

On a practical level, it's setting up a new geographical projection, path generator, and creating an svg element. We can throw away the svg element creation because we're wrapping our component in svg anyway.

So we copy the projection and path setup into componentDidUpdate like this:

// src/CongressionalDistricts.js
    componentDidUpdate() {
        const svg = d3.select(this.refs.anchor),
              { width, height } = this.props;

        const projection = d3.geoAlbers()
                             .scale(1280)
                             .translate([width / 2, height / 2]);

        const path = d3.geoPath(projection);

        const us = this.state.usData,
              congress = this.state.usCongress;

We select our anchor element and name it svg. That way we won't have to change any of the other code.

d3.geo.albersUsa becomes d3.geoAlbers and d3.geo.path becomes d3.geoPath. Same thing, simpler names. That's the general principle behind the D3v3 to D3v4 transition.

The example code assumes data is global, so we take it out of state and put it in variables. Again, so we don't have to change any of the code.

Next, the example loads its data.

queue()
  .defer(d3.json, "/mbostock/raw/4090846/us.json")
  .defer(d3.json, "/mbostock/raw/4090846/us-congress-113.json")
  .await(ready);

This goes in our componentWillMount method. No sense fetching data before we know the component is getting mounted. And we definitely don't want to do it on every render :)

Also, we change the URLs and download those files into our /public folder.

// src/CongressionalDistricts.js
    componentWillMount() {
        d3.queue()
          .defer(d3.json, "us.json")
          .defer(d3.json, "us-congress-113.json")
          .await((error, usData, usCongress) => {
              this.setState({
                  usData,
                  usCongress
              });
          })
    }

This loads both datasets and updates component state, which triggers a re-render. Notice that with D3v4, queue is now an official part of D3. It helps us load multiple datasets sequentially.

Now for the coup-de-grace: A massive copypasta that puts all the rendering code from our example into our React component. It's messy but it works.

// src/CongressionalDistricts.js

    componentDidUpdate() {
        const svg = d3.select(this.refs.anchor),
              { width, height } = this.props;

        const projection = d3.geoAlbers()
                             .scale(1280)
                             .translate([width / 2, height / 2]);

        const path = d3.geoPath(projection);

        const us = this.state.usData,
              congress = this.state.usCongress;

        // Pure copypasta starts here
        svg.append("defs").append("path")
           .attr("id", "land")
           .datum(topojson.feature(us, us.objects.land))
           .attr("d", path);

        svg.append("clipPath")
           .attr("id", "clip-land")
           .append("use")
           .attr("xlink:href", "#land");

        svg.append("g")
           .attr("class", "districts")
           .attr("clip-path", "url(#clip-land)")
           .selectAll("path")
           .data(topojson.feature(congress, congress.objects.districts).features)
           .enter().append("path")
           .attr("d", path)
           .append("title")
           .text(function(d) { return d.id; });

        svg.append("path")
           .attr("class", "district-boundaries")
           .datum(topojson.mesh(congress, congress.objects.districts, function(a, b) { return a !== b && (a.id / 1000 | 0) === (b.id / 1000 | 0); }))
           .attr("d", path);

        svg.append("path")
           .attr("class", "state-boundaries")
           .datum(topojson.mesh(us, us.objects.states, function(a, b) { return a !== b; }))
           .attr("d", path);
    }

Copy all the code over, and you should get a map. It's great.

Make it better

Now here's what I'd do next. You see all those little svg.append calls? I'd change them to individual components.

That way you could have a render method that looks more like this:

<g>
  <usland>
    <usstateboundaries>
      <usdistrictboundaries></usdistrictboundaries>
    </usstateboundaries>
  </usland>
</g>

I think that sort of code is easier to understand.

You can play with this example on Codepen 👇

See the Pen 113th congressional districts D3 example moved into React by Swizec Teller (@swizec) on CodePen.

Published on August 31st, 2017 in d3js, Front End, react, Technical

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How you can translate any random D3 example to React

Setup a component

Copypasta the code

Make it better

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